Wednesday, November 28, 2018

Conditionals

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Conditionals or Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences (I, II, and III) or others say that there are four types (0, I, II, and III).

Study these slides.

Tuesday, November 27, 2018

Giving Announcement (Reading)

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GIVING ANNOUNCEMENT


Definition, Purpose, and Type
Announcement is  something said, written, or printed which is containing information about an event that has happened or is going to happen. The purpose is informing something to public.  Announcement can be spoken (oral) or written.

 Spoken announcement usually begins with saying “ATTENTION, PLEASE” or anything like that. In spoken announcement, you should speak clearly so that the targeted people can easily understand it. Besides, the information should be short and simple.

 Written announcement usually begins with the tittle or for whom the announcement is written.

Generic Structure of Announcement
1.    Stating Purpose: The text that contains what event will be held
2.    Stating Day and Date: Day and Date realization. The text that contains when the event will be held
3.    Stating Place: The text that contains where the event will be held
4.    Informing Sender: The text that contains name of the person who will be contacted

Language Feature of Announcement

§  Using Simple Present Tense and simple future tense.

This is an example of written announcement.


First Day of School Announcement
Hello, this is Ms. Hilton, Principal of Farmersville Elementary School with
important information about our first day of school.
Students will return to school on Tuesday, August 30th.
Our morning bell rings at 8:55 AM.  The late bell is at 9:05 AM.
I encourage students to ride their assigned school bus, to and from school,                       (5)
whenever possible.
For those parents who must drop off their child, please remember to follow
our Drop Off procedures which can be found on our school website,
the PTA handbook and attached to the email accompanying this call.
Students are dismissed to their buses at 3:40 PM.                                                             (10)
Parents must provide a note to their child’s homeroom teacher if they are not
riding the bus.  Parents picking their children up will enter the gymnasium to
retrieve their child.
Again, it is imperative that parents provide a written note explaining
alternate dismissal procedures.  If no note is provided, students                                       (15)
will be placed on their assigned bus.  If something changes during
the school day, parents must notify the main office by calling 610-868-0471 
and/or faxing a note to 610-807-5980.
To our Kindergarten families, I want to reassure you that your children are
in good hands.  We will have many extra helpers the first week to help                             (20)
your child to and from their classroom, at lunch, and during dismissal. 
They will be fine.  Please remember to put their name tags on!
We have an exciting first week planned! I know the kids will have a great day back!
Here’s to another exciting school year!

See you all soon.

Ms. Hilton

Announcement Reading Quiz

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Announcement (Reading Quiz)



Announcement.

 Hello, this is Ms. Hilton, Principal of Farmersville Elementary School with
important information about our first day of school.
Students will return to school on Tuesday, August 30th.
Our morning bell rings at 8:55 AM.  The late bell is at 9:05 AM.
I encourage students to ride their assigned school bus, to and from school,                       (5)
whenever possible.
For those parents who must drop off their child, please remember to follow
our Drop Off procedures which can be found on our school website,
the PTA handbook and attached to the email accompanying this call.
Students are dismissed to their buses at 3:40 PM.                                                             (10)
Parents must provide a note to their child’s homeroom teacher if they are not
riding the bus.  Parents picking their children up will enter the gymnasium to
retrieve their child.
Again, it is imperative that parents provide a written note explaining
alternate dismissal procedures.  If no note is provided, students                                       (15)
will be placed on their assigned bus.  If something changes during
the school day, parents must notify the main office by calling 610-868-0471 
and/or faxing a note to 610-807-5980.
To our Kindergarten families, I want to reassure you that your children are
in good hands.  We will have many extra helpers the first week to help                             (20)
your child to and from their classroom, at lunch, and during dismissal. 
They will be fine.  Please remember to put their name tags on!
We have an exciting first week planned! I know the kids will have a great day back!
Here’s to another exciting school year!

See you all soon.

Ms. Hilton


Friday, November 23, 2018

Giving Announcement (Listening)

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GIVING ANNOUNCEMENT


People write announcements for many reasons. Just some types of announcements that people write include public service announcements, school announcements, engagement announcements, marriage and wedding announcements, moving announcements, job and promotion announcements, and many more.
By writing an announcement, you will inform people about some news. Here are some tips on how to write an announcement: 
  1. Be direct and concise in your announcement.  Your reader will be able to understand the information quickly and can refer back to it easily.
  2. Write a short, friendly announcement that's to the point when you're sharing positive news.  Written in the right tone, an announcement can show a wish to keep up a business or personal relationship.  It can also build on positive feelings like confidence, allegiance, and helpfulness.
  3. Recognize what others have achieved in your announcement, and motivate your reader to reach similar goals.
  4. Present your information in a plain and complete way so your reader will understand you the first time (and not ask questions later).
  5. If the news you are announcing is bad, write it in a direct statement.  Add a message of understanding and optimism to your announcement, in a respectful tone.
Watch and study the announcement below!


                                                                           https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RP9zmsK98FQ


Script:
Good morning school.
Please listen carefully to this announcement about school uniforms. It is important to respect the school uniform. Please remember! Girls shouldn't wear trousers. All girls must wear a purple skirt and you must wear white socks. You shouldn't wear black or grey socks. Boys can wear a pullover under their purple blazer. The pullover must be blue. It can't be grey or purple.
That's the end of this morning announcement.



Present Perfect vs Simple Past

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PRESENT PERFECT and SIMPLE PAST


KOMPETENSI DASAR :
3.6    Menganalisis fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait keadaan/tindakan/ kegiatan/ kejadian yang dilakukan/terjadi di waktu lampau yang merujuk waktu terjadinya dan kesudahannya, sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya. (Perhatikan unsur kebahasaan simple past tense vs present perfect tense)
4.6    Menyusun teks interaksi transaksional, lisan dan tulis, pendek dan sederhana, yang melibatkan tindakan unsur dan meminta informasi terkait keadaan/tindakan/ kegiatan/ kejadian yang dilakukan/terjadi di waktu lampau yang merujuk waktu terjadinya dan kesudahannya, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai konteks


GRAMMAR FOCUS

This section will help you to understand the differences between the Present Perfect Tense and the Simple Past Tense.

1.     Has the time period finished?

Rule
Example
Explanation
The present perfect is used when the time period has NOT finished.
I have seen three movies this week.
(This week has not finished yet.)
The simple past is used when the time period HAS finished.
I saw three movies last week.
(Last week has finished.)

2.     Is it new information or old?

Rule
Example
Explanation
The present perfect is often used when giving recent news.
Martin has crashed his car again.
(This is new information.)
The simple past is used when giving older information.
Martin crashed his car last year.
(This is old information.)

3.     Is it a specific time?

Rule
Example
Explanation
The present perfect is used when the time is not specific.
I have seen that movie already.
(We don't know when.)
The simple past is used when the time is clear.
I saw that movie on Thursday.
(We know exactly when.)

4.     Has the action finished (sentences with “for” or “since”)?

Rule
Example
Explanation
The present perfect is used with for and since when the actions have not finished yet.
I have lived in Victoria for five years.
(I still live in Victoria.)
The simple past is used with for when the actions have already finished.
I lived in Victoria for five years.
(I don't live in Victoria now.)
Source: https://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/ppvpast.htm


When you are sure that you understand the lesson, you can continue with the Quiz.  





Thursday, November 22, 2018

Monday, November 19, 2018

Factual Report

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FACTUAL REPORT

                                                     Source: www.google.co.id


KOMPETENSI DASAR
  
3.21   Menganalisis struktur teks dan unsur kebahasaan untuk melaksanakan fungsi sosial teks factual report dengan menyatakan dan menanyakan tentang teks ilmiah faktual tentang orang, binatang, benda, gejala dan peristiwa alam dan sosial, sederhana, sesuai dengan konteks pembelajaran di pelajaran lain
4.21   Menyusun teks ilmiah faktual (factual report), lisan dan tulis, sederhana, tentang orang, binatang, benda, gejala dan peristiwa alam dan sosial, terkait dengan mata pelajaran lain


Factual report is a text that explain and elaborate some factual information relate to particular objects, matter, or thins which are based on an factual accurances and scientific and observatory. The purpose is to present information obout something. They generally describes an entire class of things, whether natural or made, for example mammals, rocks, plants, etc.
According to Knapp & Watkins, 1994; in Bahasa Inggris Kelas XI Semesrter 2, Kementrian Pedidikan dan Kebudayaan RI 2014, it is stated that formal reports usually follow a specific structure, they are: (1) Introductory paragraph (general classification) which introduces the topic/subject. (2) Body Paragraph which contain a series of paragraphs that provide detailed information on the topic. It may contains some paragraphs which are all describes the topic. The report does not have an ending or conclusion but round off with a statement that summarizes the content of the report. (3) Glossary, it is placed at the end of report. It defines all the technical terms or words used in the report. It is optional. (4) Bibliography, it is a list of books, journals, magazines, or website used in the report it is also optional.
Report text have some features or structures. They are: (1) tittle. It indicates the topic of the text and it is a very general thing. (2) general classification. It is a part that state classification of general aspect of things, such as: animals, public places, plants, etc. It will be discussed in general. (3) qualities/description of phenomenon. This part gives describing of the things which will be discussed in detail, in terms of parts (and their function), qualities, habits and behavior. (4) closing statement. (5) glossary. It is optional, and (6) bibliography. It is also optional.
            A factual report text always introduces group or general aspect and focus on general nouns or phrases, such as ‘Earthquake’, ‘Lion’, ‘Mobile Phone’, ‘Flag’, ‘Water’, etc. It also uses relating verb and action verb such as be, have, seem, consist of, creates, indicates, is made of, etc. Let’s see the example: Water is our life. A water molecule consists of three atoms; an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. The word ‘molecule’, ‘atom’, ‘oxygen’, ‘hydrogen’ are technical or scientific vocabularies which are always used in factual report text. The other sentence structures of factual report text are using present tense and passive voice. Words which indicates generalization are also commonly used, such as all, many, none, most, etc. The use of descriptive vocabularies but factual language can be included as one of the elements of the language feature. They are: colour, shape, size, habits, behaviour, etc. At last, it also uses conditionals and logical connections, such as: but, in other hand, etc. Those are all the linguistic features which build a factual report text.
The illustration of a factual report text is described below.
Cheetahs

Sumber: www.google.co.id
Structure/Feature

Sentence structure/Linguistic feature
Introduction
General Classification
Cheetahs are considered as the world’s fastest land animals. The word cheetah comes from Sanskrit word “Citrakayah” which means spotted or variegated body. Cheetahs can be found in most part of Africa, Southern Asia, and Middle East.
Present Tense:
… are …,
… comes …,
… means …
Paragraph 1
Description
Cheetahs have lean and tall body unlike leopards. Even though cheetahs are often mistaken as leopard but their features are totally different. One of the distinguishing marks of cheetah is their teardrop shaped line on each side of their nose that extends from corner of its eyes to its mouth.
Passive Voice:

… cheetahs are often mistaken …

… their teardrop shaped line on each side …
Paragraph 2
Description
Their muscular and powerful bodies are ideal for fast and short run. They have bendy flexible backs that aid them in running. Cheetahs are designed for speed and can run up to 45 miles/hour. Cheetahs’ feet are like running shoes and have grips and spikes to dig into the ground. During the sprint only one foot touches the ground.
Descriptive but factual language:
Cheetahs’ feet are like running shoes and have grips and spikes to dig into the ground.
Paragraph 3
Description
Even though cheetahs belong to the cat family but their claws are semi-retractable unlike any one of the cats. Cheetahs are carnivores and eat animals like gazelle, small antelopes, hares, etc. They use their long and heavy tails as a stabilizer and single-mindedly pursue their intended prey. Once the cheetah has pounced, it knocks its victim off balance and grips it by the throat as it falls. However, due to their weak jaws and small teeth, cheetahs are not as effective in killing their preys as quickly as lions and leopards.
Female cheetahs give birth to an average of three young ones that they rear by themselves. Once fully grown, the animals usually live alone, though males sometimes from small groups. Most cheetahs live about twelve to fifteen years.
Relational verbs:
… dig …


Technical language:
… carnivores …
… rear …



Descriptive but factual language:
… weak jaws and small teeth …
Closing statement
Cheetahs are now an endangered species and many conservationists are trying to help protect the habitats of these interesting creatures.
Words which generalize:
… most …
… many …
Glossary
Conservationist
Endangered
Semi-retractable
Carnivores
rear

References
Smith, Roff (2012) Cheetahs on edge,
National Geographic,November2012 www.Cheetah.org
Locomotion dynamics of hunting in wild cheetahs 2013, www.nature.com