Factual Report

FACTUAL REPORT

                                                     Source: www.google.co.id

KOMPETENSI DASAR

  

3.21   Menganalisis struktur teks dan unsur kebahasaan untuk melaksanakan fungsi sosial teks factual report dengan menyatakan dan menanyakan tentang teks ilmiah faktual tentang orang, binatang, benda, gejala dan peristiwa alam dan sosial, sederhana, sesuai dengan konteks pembelajaran di pelajaran lain

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4.21   Menyusun teks ilmiah faktual (factual report), lisan dan tulis, sederhana, tentang orang, binatang, benda, gejala dan peristiwa alam dan sosial, terkait dengan mata pelajaran lain

Factual report is a text that explain and elaborate some factual information relate to particular objects, matter, or thins which are based on an factual accurances and scientific and observatory. The purpose is to present information obout something. They generally describes an entire class of things, whether natural or made, for example mammals, rocks, plants, etc.

According to Knapp & Watkins, 1994; in Bahasa Inggris Kelas XI Semesrter 2, Kementrian Pedidikan dan Kebudayaan RI 2014, it is stated that formal reports usually follow a specific structure, they are: (1) Introductory paragraph (general classification) which introduces the topic/subject. (2) Body Paragraph which contain a series of paragraphs that provide detailed information on the topic. It may contains some paragraphs which are all describes the topic. The report does not have an ending or conclusion but round off with a statement that summarizes the content of the report. (3) Glossary, it is placed at the end of report. It defines all the technical terms or words used in the report. It is optional. (4) Bibliography, it is a list of books, journals, magazines, or website used in the report it is also optional.

Report text have some features or structures. They are: (1) tittle. It indicates the topic of the text and it is a very general thing. (2) general classification. It is a part that state classification of general aspect of things, such as: animals, public places, plants, etc. It will be discussed in general. (3) qualities/description of phenomenon. This part gives describing of the things which will be discussed in detail, in terms of parts (and their function), qualities, habits and behavior. (4) closing statement. (5) glossary. It is optional, and (6) bibliography. It is also optional.

            A factual report text always introduces group or general aspect and focus on general nouns or phrases, such as ‘Earthquake’, ‘Lion’, ‘Mobile Phone’, ‘Flag’, ‘Water’, etc. It also uses relating verb and action verb such as be, have, seem, consist of, creates, indicates, is made of, etc. Let’s see the example: Water is our life. A water molecule consists of three atoms; an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. The word ‘molecule’, ‘atom’, ‘oxygen’, ‘hydrogen’ are technical or scientific vocabularies which are always used in factual report text. The other sentence structures of factual report text are using present tense and passive voice. Words which indicates generalization are also commonly used, such as all, many, none, most, etc. The use of descriptive vocabularies but factual language can be included as one of the elements of the language feature. They are: colour, shape, size, habits, behaviour, etc. At last, it also uses conditionals and logical connections, such as: but, in other hand, etc. Those are all the linguistic features which build a factual report text.

The illustration of a factual report text is described below.

Cheetahs
Sumber: www.google.co.id
Structure/Feature		Sentence structure/Linguistic feature
Introduction General Classification	Cheetahs are considered as the world’s fastest land animals. The word cheetah comes from Sanskrit word “Citrakayah” which means spotted or variegated body. Cheetahs can be found in most part of Africa, Southern Asia, and Middle East.	Present Tense: … are …, … comes …, … means …
Paragraph 1 Description	Cheetahs have lean and tall body unlike leopards. Even though cheetahs are often mistaken as leopard but their features are totally different. One of the distinguishing marks of cheetah is their teardrop shaped line on each side of their nose that extends from corner of its eyes to its mouth.	Passive Voice: … cheetahs are often mistaken … … their teardrop shaped line on each side …
Paragraph 2 Description	Their muscular and powerful bodies are ideal for fast and short run. They have bendy flexible backs that aid them in running. Cheetahs are designed for speed and can run up to 45 miles/hour. Cheetahs’ feet are like running shoes and have grips and spikes to dig into the ground. During the sprint only one foot touches the ground.	Descriptive but factual language: Cheetahs’ feet are like running shoes and have grips and spikes to dig into the ground.
Paragraph 3 Description	Even though cheetahs belong to the cat family but their claws are semi-retractable unlike any one of the cats. Cheetahs are carnivores and eat animals like gazelle, small antelopes, hares, etc. They use their long and heavy tails as a stabilizer and single-mindedly pursue their intended prey. Once the cheetah has pounced, it knocks its victim off balance and grips it by the throat as it falls. However, due to their weak jaws and small teeth, cheetahs are not as effective in killing their preys as quickly as lions and leopards. Female cheetahs give birth to an average of three young ones that they rear by themselves. Once fully grown, the animals usually live alone, though males sometimes from small groups. Most cheetahs live about twelve to fifteen years.	Relational verbs: … dig … Technical language: … carnivores … … rear … Descriptive but factual language: … weak jaws and small teeth …
Closing statement	Cheetahs are now an endangered species and many conservationists are trying to help protect the habitats of these interesting creatures.	Words which generalize: … most … … many …
Glossary	Conservationist Endangered Semi-retractable Carnivores rear
References	Smith, Roff (2012) Cheetahs on edge, National Geographic,November2012 www.Cheetah.org Locomotion dynamics of hunting in wild cheetahs 2013, www.nature.com