Factual Report

FACTUAL REPORT

                                                     Source: www.google.co.id

KOMPETENSI DASAR

  

3.21   Menganalisis struktur teks dan unsur kebahasaan untuk melaksanakan fungsi sosial teks factual report dengan menyatakan dan menanyakan tentang teks ilmiah faktual tentang orang, binatang, benda, gejala dan peristiwa alam dan sosial, sederhana, sesuai dengan konteks pembelajaran di pelajaran lain

3.       

4.       

4.21   Menyusun teks ilmiah faktual (factual report), lisan dan tulis, sederhana, tentang orang, binatang, benda, gejala dan peristiwa alam dan sosial, terkait dengan mata pelajaran lain

Factual report is a text that explain and elaborate some factual information relate to particular objects, matter, or thins which are based on an factual accurances and scientific and observatory. The purpose is to present information obout something. They generally describes an entire class of things, whether natural or made, for example mammals, rocks, plants, etc.

According to Knapp & Watkins, 1994; in Bahasa Inggris Kelas XI Semesrter 2, Kementrian Pedidikan dan Kebudayaan RI 2014, it is stated that formal reports usually follow a specific structure, they are: (1) Introductory paragraph (general classification) which introduces the topic/subject. (2) Body Paragraph which contain a series of paragraphs that provide detailed information on the topic. It may contains some paragraphs which are all describes the topic. The report does not have an ending or conclusion but round off with a statement that summarizes the content of the report. (3) Glossary, it is placed at the end of report. It defines all the technical terms or words used in the report. It is optional. (4) Bibliography, it is a list of books, journals, magazines, or website used in the report it is also optional.

Report text have some features or structures. They are: (1) tittle. It indicates the topic of the text and it is a very general thing. (2) general classification. It is a part that state classification of general aspect of things, such as: animals, public places, plants, etc. It will be discussed in general. (3) qualities/description of phenomenon. This part gives describing of the things which will be discussed in detail, in terms of parts (and their function), qualities, habits and behavior. (4) closing statement. (5) glossary. It is optional, and (6) bibliography. It is also optional.

            A factual report text always introduces group or general aspect and focus on general nouns or phrases, such as ‘Earthquake’, ‘Lion’, ‘Mobile Phone’, ‘Flag’, ‘Water’, etc. It also uses relating verb and action verb such as be, have, seem, consist of, creates, indicates, is made of, etc. Let’s see the example: Water is our life. A water molecule consists of three atoms; an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. The word ‘molecule’, ‘atom’, ‘oxygen’, ‘hydrogen’ are technical or scientific vocabularies which are always used in factual report text. The other sentence structures of factual report text are using present tense and passive voice. Words which indicates generalization are also commonly used, such as all, many, none, most, etc. The use of descriptive vocabularies but factual language can be included as one of the elements of the language feature. They are: colour, shape, size, habits, behaviour, etc. At last, it also uses conditionals and logical connections, such as: but, in other hand, etc. Those are all the linguistic features which build a factual report text.

The illustration of a factual report text is described below.

Cheetahs
Sumber: www.google.co.id
Structure/Feature		Sentence structure/Linguistic feature
Introduction General Classification	Cheetahs are considered as the world’s fastest land animals. The word cheetah comes from Sanskrit word “Citrakayah” which means spotted or variegated body. Cheetahs can be found in most part of Africa, Southern Asia, and Middle East.	Present Tense: … are …, … comes …, … means …
Paragraph 1 Description	Cheetahs have lean and tall body unlike leopards. Even though cheetahs are often mistaken as leopard but their features are totally different. One of the distinguishing marks of cheetah is their teardrop shaped line on each side of their nose that extends from corner of its eyes to its mouth.	Passive Voice: … cheetahs are often mistaken … … their teardrop shaped line on each side …
Paragraph 2 Description	Their muscular and powerful bodies are ideal for fast and short run. They have bendy flexible backs that aid them in running. Cheetahs are designed for speed and can run up to 45 miles/hour. Cheetahs’ feet are like running shoes and have grips and spikes to dig into the ground. During the sprint only one foot touches the ground.	Descriptive but factual language: Cheetahs’ feet are like running shoes and have grips and spikes to dig into the ground.
Paragraph 3 Description	Even though cheetahs belong to the cat family but their claws are semi-retractable unlike any one of the cats. Cheetahs are carnivores and eat animals like gazelle, small antelopes, hares, etc. They use their long and heavy tails as a stabilizer and single-mindedly pursue their intended prey. Once the cheetah has pounced, it knocks its victim off balance and grips it by the throat as it falls. However, due to their weak jaws and small teeth, cheetahs are not as effective in killing their preys as quickly as lions and leopards. Female cheetahs give birth to an average of three young ones that they rear by themselves. Once fully grown, the animals usually live alone, though males sometimes from small groups. Most cheetahs live about twelve to fifteen years.	Relational verbs: … dig … Technical language: … carnivores … … rear … Descriptive but factual language: … weak jaws and small teeth …
Closing statement	Cheetahs are now an endangered species and many conservationists are trying to help protect the habitats of these interesting creatures.	Words which generalize: … most … … many …
Glossary	Conservationist Endangered Semi-retractable Carnivores rear
References	Smith, Roff (2012) Cheetahs on edge, National Geographic,November2012 www.Cheetah.org Locomotion dynamics of hunting in wild cheetahs 2013, www.nature.com

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Analytical Exposition Text

ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION TEXT

Kompetensi Dasar:

3.22      Menganalisis fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan beberapa teks

eksposisi analitis lisan dan tulis dengan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait isu aktual, sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya

3.       

4.       

4.22  Menyusun teks eksposisi analitis tulis, terkait isu aktual, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan, secara benar dan sesuai konteks 

Definition

Analytical Exposition text is a text that elaborates the writer’s opinion on phenomena/issues without persuading the reader to do something. The text will only persuade the readers that the phenomena/issues are important to be discussed and are supported by facts (graph, pictures, or charts) and relevant information.

Example of analytical exposition text

Essays, letters, newspaper articles, editorials, and speeches/lectures, political leaflet

Function

The function of analytical exposition text is to persuade the readers or audience that the idea is important matter and to look at it with the writer’s perspective.

Generic structure of analytical exposition text

1.  Thesis. It introduces the topic and establishes the writer’s point of view. Introductory statement should be an emotional statement or a question that grab an attention. A preview about the writers’ points is stated to support the thesis.

2.   A series of arguments. They convince the readers. Each paragraph starts with new argument which has a main point, reason for the main point and evidence to support it. In this part, emotive and mental verbs and also casual conjunction are used to persuade the readers. The paragraphs has to be logically linked to the previous paragraph and to the thesis statement.

3.   Reiteration. It is a conclusion that restate the writer’s thesis statement and a summary about what has been stated.

 (Source: Emilia, (2012) in Bahasa Ingris XI Semester 2, Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan 2014)

Language Feature of analytical exposition text

1.    Using present tense

2.    Using descriptive persuasive words with emotive connotations to emphasize the view point. (These words can either positive or negative by choosing the appropriate diction. For example, the word “appalling” and “terrible” are better instead of using “bad”; “convincing”, and “realistic” are better  than “persuading”.)

3.    Using mental verbs (such as “I believe”, “I prefer”, “I agree”, “I doubt”)

4.    Using connecting words (to link to arguments so that the flow of them is logical but fluent. Some examples are “additionally”, “furthermore”, “not only”, “also”, “in addition”, moreover”, like wise)

5.   Using casual conjunctions (to indicate cause or reason of what is being stated. For example: “because”, “consequently”, “despite’, “due to”, “for that reason”, and many more.)

6.  Using words that express the writer’s attitude. (It means to qualify or confirm. These words are “will”, “frequency”, “may” “must”, “usually”, “typically”, “habitual”, “commonly”, “doubtless”, etc.).

7.    Using persuasive techniques. (They are generalization, evidence and facts, and exaggeration. Generalization is meant to support viewpoints or argument. It can be in the form of common belief and general statements. Evidence and facts are used to back up the generalization like using research, expert opinion, testimony, or quotes. The use of exaggeration is meant to make things or issues appear better or worse than they actually are.

(Simon and Schuster, 2002 in Bahasa Ingris XI Semester 2, Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan 2014)

An example of exposition text is illustrated below.

Text organization	Banning of motorbikes is necessary in the housing areas.	Language features
Introduction thesis statement	Motorbikes are a nuisance and a cause for great distress. Even though motorbikes are considered as the most convenient from transportation, I think they are a hazard to humans, animals as well as the environment. I think motorbikes should be banned in housing areas due to the following reasons: cause of unreasonable amount of noise, air pollution, diseases, and accidents.	Mental verbs: I think I believe
Argument 1 + elaboration	First of all, I would like to point out that motorbikes are major contributor to the pollution in the world. Research has shown that motorbikes emit a deadly gas that is dangerous for environment. Consequently, long-term emission of gas from motorbikes is a major contributor of global warming (Science Daily).	Conjunctive relation: First of all Secondly Casual conjunction: Consequently
Argument 2 + elaboration	Secondly, according to a report from BBC, motorbikes are also responsible for causing diseases such as bronchitis, cancer, and are a major trigger of asthma and high blood pressure. Some of the disease are so ghastly that they can kill people (BBC News, 2009).	Generic reference: Accidents Children Parents
Argument 3 + elaboration	Furthermore, motorbikes create so much noise. There is “vroom vroom” noise everywhere. It is extremely difficult to sleep. Parents with infants find it extremely challenging. The moment their babies fall asleep, one or other motorbike passes by and the baby wakes up. It is also arduous for children to concentrate on their homework. Experts are of opinion that if there is extreme noise, it can lead to deafness and lack of concentration in children and adults (Fields, 1993).	Expert opinion Expert Research show
Argument 4 + elaboration	Finally, motorbikes are responsible for horrible accidents. In some cases there are death. Motorbike riders go so fast that they are unable to stop on time thus they end up hitting other people or animals. Many a times a lot of animals ae trampled and found death on road. Motorbikes are known to be the biggest killers on road (Filled, 1993)	Present tense: go fast are responsible there is
Conclusion Reiteration of thesis statement	In conclusion, from the arguments above, I strongly believe that motorbikes should be banned from housing areas.

Taken from Bahasa Ingris XI Semester 2, Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan 2014)

Motorbikes are a nuisance and a cause for great distress. Even though motorbikes are considered as the most convenient from transportation, I think they are a hazard to humans, animals as well as the environment. I think motorbikes should be banned in housing areas due to the following reasons: cause of unreasonable amount of noise, air pollution, diseases, and accidents.

First of all, I would like to point out that motorbikes are major contributor to the pollution in the world. Research has shown that motorbikes emit a deadly gas that is dangerous for environment. Consequently, long-term emission of gas from motorbikes is a major contributor of global warming (Science Daily).

Secondly, according to a report from BBC, motorbikes are also responsible for causing diseases such as bronchitis, cancer, and are a major trigger of asthma and high blood pressure. Some of the disease are so ghastly that they can kill people (BBC News, 2009).

Furthermore, motorbikes create so much noise. There is “vroom vroom” noise everywhere. It is extremely difficult to sleep. Parents with infants find it extremely challenging. The moment their babies fall asleep, one or other motorbike passes by and the baby wakes up. It is also arduous for children to concentrate on their homework. Experts are of opinion that if there is extreme noise, it can lead to deafness and lack of concentration in children and adults (Fields, 1993).

Finally, motorbikes are responsible for horrible accidents. In some cases there are death. Motorbike riders go so fast that they are unable to stop on time thus they end up hitting other people or animals. Many a times a lot of animals ae trampled and found death on road. Motorbikes are known to be the biggest killers on road (Filled, 1993)

In conclusion, from the arguments above, I strongly believe that motorbikes should be banned from housing areas.

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Quiz Intention

INTENTION

After studying how to express intention, try to do this quiz to evaluate your knowledge.

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